- Configuration
- Cache Usage
- Cache Tags
- Adding Custom Cache Drivers
Configuration
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Laravel provides an expressive, unified API for various caching backends. The cache configuration is located at config/cache.php
. In this file you may specify which cache driver you would like to be used by default throughout your application. Laravel supports popular caching backends like Memcached and Redis out of the box.
The cache configuration file also contains various other options, which are documented within the file, so make sure to read over these options. By default, Laravel is configured to use the file
cache driver, which stores the serialized, cached objects in the filesystem. For larger applications, it is recommended that you use a more robust driver such as Memcached or Redis. You may even configure multiple cache configurations for the same driver.
Driver Prerequisites
Database
When using the database
cache driver, you will need to setup a table to contain the cache items. You'll find an example Schema
declaration for the table below:
{tip} You may also use the php artisan cache:table
Artisan command to generate a migration with the proper schema.
Memcached
Using the Memcached driver requires the Memcached PECL package to be installed. You may list all of your Memcached servers in the config/cache.php
configuration file:
You may also set the host
option to a UNIX socket path. If you do this, the port
option should be set to 0
:
Redis
Before using a Redis cache with Laravel, you will need to either install the predis/predis
package (~1.0) via Composer or install the PhpRedis PHP extension via PECL.
For more information on configuring Redis, consult its Laravel documentation page.
Cache Usage
Obtaining A Cache Instance
The IlluminateContractsCacheFactory
and IlluminateContractsCacheRepository
contracts provide access to Laravel's cache services. The Factory
contract provides access to all cache drivers defined for your application. The Repository
contract is typically an implementation of the default cache driver for your application as specified by your cache
configuration file.
Sketch 54 100. However, you may also use the Cache
Apple pages 8 2 1. facade, which is what we will use throughout this documentation. The Cache
facade provides convenient, terse access to the underlying implementations of the Laravel cache contracts:
Accessing Multiple Cache Stores
Using the Cache
facade, you may access various cache stores via the store
method. The key passed to the store
method should correspond to one of the stores listed in the stores
configuration array in your cache
configuration file:
Retrieving Items From The Cache
The get
method on the Cache
facade is used to retrieve items from the cache. If the item does not exist in the cache, null
will be returned. If you wish, you may pass a second argument to the get
method specifying the default value you wish to be returned if the item doesn't exist:
You may even pass a Closure
as the default value. The result of the Closure
will be returned if the specified item does not exist in the cache. Passing a Closure allows you to defer the retrieval of default values from a database or other external service:
Checking For Item Existence
The has
method may be used to determine if an item exists in the cache. This method will return false
if the value is null
:
Incrementing / Decrementing Values
The increment
and decrement
methods may be used to adjust the value of integer items in the cache. Both of these methods accept an optional second argument indicating the amount by which to increment or decrement the item's value:
Retrieve & Store
Sometimes you may wish to retrieve an item from the cache, but also store a default value if the requested item doesn't exist. For example, you may wish to retrieve all users from the cache or, if they don't exist, retrieve them from the database and add them to the cache. You may do this using the Cache::remember
method:
If the item does not exist in the cache, the Closure
passed to the remember
method will be executed and its result will be placed in the cache.
You may use the rememberForever
method to retrieve an item from the cache or store it forever:
Retrieve & Delete
If you need to retrieve an item from the cache and then delete the item, you may use the pull
method. Like the get
method, null
will be returned if the item does not exist in the cache:
Storing Items In The Cache
You may use the put
method on the Cache
facade to store items in the cache. When you place an item in the cache, you need to specify the number of minutes for which the value should be cached:
Instead of passing the number of minutes as an integer, you may also pass a DateTime
instance representing the expiration time of the cached item:
Store If Not Present
The add
method will only add the item to the cache if it does not already exist in the cache store. The method will return true
if the item is actually added to the cache. Otherwise, the method will return false
:
Storing Items Forever
The forever
method may be used to store an item in the cache permanently. Since these items will not expire, they must be manually removed from the cache using the forget
method:
{tip} If you are using the Memcached driver, items that are stored 'forever' may be removed when the cache reaches its size limit.
Removing Items From The Cache
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You may remove items from the cache using the forget
method:
You may clear the entire cache using the flush
method:
{note} Flushing the cache does not respect the cache prefix and will remove all entries from the cache. Consider this carefully when clearing a cache which is shared by other applications.
Atomic Locks
{note} To utilize this feature, your application must be using the memcached
or redis
cache driver as your application's default cache driver. In addition, all servers must be communicating with the same central cache server.
Atomic locks allow for the manipulation of distributed locks without worrying about race conditions. For example, Laravel Forge uses atomic locks to ensure that only one remote task is being executed on a server at a time. You may create and manage locks using the Cache::lock
method:
The get
method also accepts a Closure. After the Closure is executed, Laravel will automatically release the lock:
If the lock is not available at the moment you request it, you may instruct Laravel to wait for a specified number of seconds. If the lock can not be acquired within the specified time limit, an IlluminateContractsCacheLockTimeoutException
will be thrown:
The Cache Helper
In addition to using the Cache
facade or cache contract, you may also use the global cache
function to retrieve and store data via the cache. When the cache
function is called with a single, string argument, it will return the value of the given key:
If you provide an array of key / value pairs and an expiration time to the function, it will store values in the cache for the specified duration:
When the cache
function is called without any arguments, it returns an instance of the IlluminateContractsCacheFactory
implementation, allowing you to call other caching methods:
{tip} When testing call to the global cache
function, you may use the Cache::shouldReceive
method just as if you were testing a facade.
Cache Tags
{note} Cache tags are not supported when using the file
or database
cache drivers. Furthermore, when using multiple tags with caches that are stored 'forever', performance will be best with a driver such as memcached
, which automatically purges stale records.
Storing Tagged Cache Items
Sometimes you may wish to retrieve an item from the cache, but also store a default value if the requested item doesn't exist. For example, you may wish to retrieve all users from the cache or, if they don't exist, retrieve them from the database and add them to the cache. You may do this using the Cache::remember
method:
If the item does not exist in the cache, the Closure
passed to the remember
method will be executed and its result will be placed in the cache.
You may use the rememberForever
method to retrieve an item from the cache or store it forever:
Retrieve & Delete
If you need to retrieve an item from the cache and then delete the item, you may use the pull
method. Like the get
method, null
will be returned if the item does not exist in the cache:
Storing Items In The Cache
You may use the put
method on the Cache
facade to store items in the cache. When you place an item in the cache, you need to specify the number of minutes for which the value should be cached:
Instead of passing the number of minutes as an integer, you may also pass a DateTime
instance representing the expiration time of the cached item:
Store If Not Present
The add
method will only add the item to the cache if it does not already exist in the cache store. The method will return true
if the item is actually added to the cache. Otherwise, the method will return false
:
Storing Items Forever
The forever
method may be used to store an item in the cache permanently. Since these items will not expire, they must be manually removed from the cache using the forget
method:
{tip} If you are using the Memcached driver, items that are stored 'forever' may be removed when the cache reaches its size limit.
Removing Items From The Cache
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You may remove items from the cache using the forget
method:
You may clear the entire cache using the flush
method:
{note} Flushing the cache does not respect the cache prefix and will remove all entries from the cache. Consider this carefully when clearing a cache which is shared by other applications.
Atomic Locks
{note} To utilize this feature, your application must be using the memcached
or redis
cache driver as your application's default cache driver. In addition, all servers must be communicating with the same central cache server.
Atomic locks allow for the manipulation of distributed locks without worrying about race conditions. For example, Laravel Forge uses atomic locks to ensure that only one remote task is being executed on a server at a time. You may create and manage locks using the Cache::lock
method:
The get
method also accepts a Closure. After the Closure is executed, Laravel will automatically release the lock:
If the lock is not available at the moment you request it, you may instruct Laravel to wait for a specified number of seconds. If the lock can not be acquired within the specified time limit, an IlluminateContractsCacheLockTimeoutException
will be thrown:
The Cache Helper
In addition to using the Cache
facade or cache contract, you may also use the global cache
function to retrieve and store data via the cache. When the cache
function is called with a single, string argument, it will return the value of the given key:
If you provide an array of key / value pairs and an expiration time to the function, it will store values in the cache for the specified duration:
When the cache
function is called without any arguments, it returns an instance of the IlluminateContractsCacheFactory
implementation, allowing you to call other caching methods:
{tip} When testing call to the global cache
function, you may use the Cache::shouldReceive
method just as if you were testing a facade.
Cache Tags
{note} Cache tags are not supported when using the file
or database
cache drivers. Furthermore, when using multiple tags with caches that are stored 'forever', performance will be best with a driver such as memcached
, which automatically purges stale records.
Storing Tagged Cache Items
Cache tags allow you to tag related items in the cache and then flush all cached values that have been assigned a given tag. You may access a tagged cache by passing in an ordered array of tag names. For example, let's access a tagged cache and put
value in the cache:
Accessing Tagged Cache Items
To retrieve a tagged cache item, pass the same ordered list of tags to the tags
method and then call the get
method with the key you wish to retrieve:
Removing Tagged Cache Items
You may flush all items that are assigned a tag or list of tags. For example, this statement would remove all caches tagged with either people
, authors
, or both. So, both Anne
and John
would be removed from the cache:
In contrast, this statement would remove only caches tagged with authors
, so Anne
would be removed, but not John
:
Adding Custom Cache Drivers
Writing The Driver
To create our custom cache driver, we first need to implement the IlluminateContractsCacheStore
contract. So, a MongoDB cache implementation would look something like this:
We just need to implement each of these methods using a MongoDB connection. For an example of how to implement each of these methods, take a look at the IlluminateCacheMemcachedStore
in the framework source code. Once our implementation is complete, we can finish our custom driver registration.
{tip} If you're wondering where to put your custom cache driver code, you could create an Extensions
namespace within your app
directory. However, keep in mind that Laravel does not have a rigid application structure and you are free to organize your application according to your preferences.
Registering The Driver
To register the custom cache driver with Laravel, we will use the extend
method on the Cache
facade. The call to Cache::extend
could be done in the boot
method of the default AppProvidersAppServiceProvider
that ships with fresh Laravel applications, or you may create your own service provider to house the extension - just don't forget to register the provider in the config/app.php
provider array:
The first argument passed to the extend
method is the name of the driver. This will correspond to your driver
option in the config/cache.php
configuration file. The second argument is a Closure that should return an IlluminateCacheRepository
instance. The Closure will be passed an $app
instance, which is an instance of the service container.
Once your extension is registered, update your config/cache.php
configuration file's driver
option to the name of your extension.
Events
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To execute code on every cache operation, you may listen for the events fired by the cache. Typically, you should place these event listeners within your EventServiceProvider
: